Battle between Timur and Tokhtamysh. 15th century / Wikimedia Commons

Kamal al-Din Bihzad. Portrait of Muhammad Shaybani. 16th century / Wikimedia Commons

Mausoleum of Babur in Kabul / Wikimedia Commons

Portrait of Shah Jahangir, 1617. Private collection / Wikimedia Commons

Babur and Humayun with Courtiers. 17th century / Wikimedia Commons

Margin illustration with an astrologer at work from the Padishah Album. Mughal Empire, 17th century / Photo by Werner Forman / Getty Images

Encounter of Humayun (left) and Tahmasp I (right) in Isfahan in 1544. Chehel Sotoun Palace, painted circa 1647 / Wikimedia Commons

Portrait of Shah Jahan on the Peacock Throne, 1635/Wikimedia Commons

Replica of the Koh-i-Noor Diamond in its modern cut / Shutterstock

Timur Ruby (upper right corner). Fragment of a lithograph by Emily Eden depicting the treasures of Ranjit Singh. 1844 / Online Gallery of the British Library

King Satrajit with the Syamantaka gemstone / From open sources

Prince Shah-Shuja’s barat wedding procession arriving at the Agra Fort on 4 March 1633. He is accompanied by his brothers princes Aurangzeb and Murad Baksh

Maharajah Duleep Bassi dressed for a State function, c. 1875, oil painting by Capt. Goldingham of London / Wikimedia Commons

Shah Jahan holding one of his four sons (probably Aurangzeb) / Wikimedia Commons

Ulugh Beg with Women from His Harem and Servants. 15th century / Wikimedia Commons