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03.09.2023

Author: Anna Savinova

Epileptic seizure. Drawing. 1890 / Photo by Universal History Archive/Getty Images

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Antonio Canova. Hercules and Lichas. 1795 / National Gallery of Modern Art/Alamy

Francisco de Goya. The madhouse. 1812-1819 / Wikimedia Commons

Surgery in Ancient Egypt / Wikimedia Commons

Exorcism. Miniature of the 13th century / The British Library

The artist from San Severino. Exorcism. 1480-1482 / akg-images

Raphael. Transfiguration. 1520 / Pinacoteca of the Vatican Museums

Jan van Hemessen. The Extraction of the Stone of Madness. 1550-1555 / Wikimedia commons

Trepanation of the skull of an epileptic (presumably). Miniature from an Ottoman medical treatise. 15th century / Alamy

A medieval european physician performs trepanation. Italian miniature of the 14th century / Alamy

Shamanic sacrifice. Engraving of the 19th century / Alamy

Anna Savinova

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Certificate of Registration for a Periodical Publication, Information Agency, and Online Publication No. KZ25VPY00077761. Issued on September 15, 2023, by the Information Committee of the Ministry of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.