Alexandria Bombardment of 1882, the French Consulate (ruins). 1882/Wikimedia Commons

A map showing the borders and administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire in 1899 /Wikimedia Commons

A Holy Carpet brought to Jerusalem by the Sherif of Medina; the Grand Mufti and Sherif in carriage/medium: G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection/Wikimedia Commons

Sir Maurice de Bunsen in 1909/Wikimedia Commons

Ottoman Turkish Cartoon of 1910 Turkey taking on the European and Russian superpowers while China and japan look on /Alamy

Bedouin leader and Ottoman officers in Damascus. At this time, Bedouin tribes in the region played a key role in military actions – some supported the Ottoman Empire, while others allied with the British and the French. 1915/ Library of Congress

Damascus Protocol Map/ECF (Economic Cooperation Foundation)

McMahon–Hussein Letter 25 October 1915 /Wikimedia Commons

Thomas Edward Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) and the Arab Revolt (1916–1918). In the center is Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Harithi, to his right is Emir Abdullah ibn Hussein al-Hashimi (son of the Sharif of Mecca Hussein ibn Ali, later King of Jordan), also present is Motlog al-Himrieh, an Arab commander/Wikimedia Commons

Map showing Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia, and areas of control and influence agreed upon between the British and the French. Royal Geographical Society, 1910-15. Signed by Mark Sykes and François Georges-Picot, 8 May 1916/Wikimedia Commons

A plan to divide the Porte's holdings and establish spheres of influence and control in these Middle Eastern areas and zones under the secret Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916 following the supposed defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. The Russian zone is shown in green/Wikimedia Commons

Shows three proposals for the mandate of Palestine. The red line refers to the "International Administration proposed in the 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement, the dotted blue line is the 1919 Zionist Organization proposal at the Paris Peace Conference, and the blue line refers to the final borders of the 1923-48 British Mandate for Palestine/Wikimedia Commons

Degania (later Degania Alef), sometimes considered the first kibbutz, in 1910/Wikimedia Commons

Ephraim Moshe Lilien. Looking to the East. 1901/Wikimedia Commons

Lord Balfour's visit to Binyamin 1925. Sitting from left to right: Vera Weizman, Haim Weizman, Balfour, Nahum Sokolov. Standing: British Mandate officials and PKA officials (Henry Frank and Jules Rosenhack)/Wikimedia Commons

The Reading Of The Proclamation Of The British Occupation Of Palestine At The Tower Of David In Jerusalem 11 December 1917/Wikimedia Commons

Palestinians-мусульмане in Jaffa in the 1920s/Wikimedia Commons

English soldiers near Mosul. 1920/Bibliothèque nationale de France

At the Guildhall , London ; Lord Allenby , Emir Faisal , Mr Lloyd George and Lady Allenby . 7 October 1919/Alamy

The Independence Movement in Syria: Demonstration against the French Mandate in Damascus , early 1920s/Bibliothèque nationale de France

At the 1921 Cairo Conference, Britain discussed the future of the Middle East after the Ottoman Empire’s collapse, appointing Faisal as King of Iraq and Abdullah as Emir of Transjordan. Seated (front row): Field Marshal Lord Allenby, Winston Churchill and others//Wikimedia Commons

Jewish pioneers building Balfour Street in Tel Aviv, 1921/Wikimedia Commons

An Arab "protest gathering" in session, in the Rawdat el Maaref hall, 1929. From left to right : unknown – Amin al-Husayni – Musa al-Husayni – Raghib al-Nashashibi – unknown

British policemen disperse an Arab mob during the Jaffa riots in April 1936 ("The Illustrated London News", 13. Juni 1936)/Wikimedia Commons

Jewish demonstration against White Paper in Jerusalem in 1939/Wikimedia Commons

Pro-Palestinian potestors against the war in Gaza march through Whitehall and Trafalgar Square in central London/Alamy