Aiganym Sargaldakkyzy / Wikimedia Commons

Abylai Khan / Wikimedia Commons, Gemini

Yakov Fedorov. The Syrymbet estate / Wikimedia Commons

Letter from Khanum Aiganym Valiyeva stating that the annual stipend of 300 rubles previously paid to her late son Abilmambet has been suspended, and requesting that this sum be paid to her instead. May 14, 1831. Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, f. 338, op. 1, d. 690, l. 42–42v.

Flag of the Qin Dynasty / Wikimedia Commons

“Region of the Siberian Kirghiz” — the term used in the Russian Empire for the Kazakhs (map fragment), 1857 / Wikimedia Commons

Shyngys Ualikhanov (second from the left), 1865 / Central State Archive of Film, Photo and Sound Recordings of the Republic of Kazakhstan, restored by Gemini

Reception of an official in the aul of Syrym­bet. Drawing by Shokan Ualikhanov, 1854 / shoqan.kz

Report on the cultivation of barley, wheat, millet, carrots, onions, and turnips carried out in 1832 on a plot of land measuring 40×80 sazhen (approximately 1.5 hectares) in the Syrymbet tract at the request of Khanum Aiganym, and on the harvest obtained. Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, f. 338, op. 1, d. 690, l. 162–162v.

Kazakh yurts in Omsk. Mid-19th century / Library of Congress

Letter from Khanum Aiganym to the Omsk regional chief, Lieutenant General V. I. de Saint-Laurent, regarding the education of her son Chingis. Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, f. 338, op. 1, d. 690, l. 28–28v.

Omsk in the late 19th century / Gallica, Bibliothèque nationale de France

Translation of a letter from Khanum Aiganym Valiyeva about her intention to arrange the marriage of Chingis Valiyev and appoint him as volost administrator instead of continuing his studies. September 19, 1833. Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, f. 338, op. 1, d. 690, l. 187–187v.

Written order of the Omsk regional chief, Lieutenant General V. I. de Saint-Laurent, to the head of the Petropavlovsk district on protecting lands belonging to the Kazakhs from Cossacks issued at the request of Khanum Aiganym Valiyeva. March 21, 1831. Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, f. 338, op. 1, d. 690, l. 47–47v.

Huts of Siberian Cossacks. 1860s / Library of Congress

Shokan Valikhanov, 1860 / Wikimedia Commons