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Bugut Stele (copy) and Zayiin Gegeen Monastery. Tsetserleg, Mongolia. 6th century / Wikimedia Commons
Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute. Early 15th century / Metropolitan Museum of Art
Statue of Bumin Khagan. Esenyurt, Istanbul, 2019 / Alamy
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"Irk Bitig" (Book of Omens), page 7. 9th century / The International Dunhuang Project, British Library
An Jia with a Turkic Chieftain in Yurt (detail). 579 / Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi’an / Wikimedia Commons
Orkhon inscriptions — oldest Turkic monuments / Getty Images