Charles Eugène Ujfalvy de Mező-Kövesd (1842–1904). A family of wealthy Kazakhs (Semipalatinsk), 1877 /Bibliothèque nationale de France, Société de Géographie / Gallica

In the Teachers’ Room. Almaty, 1930s / Central State Archive of Film, Photo Documents and Sound Recordings of the Republic of Kazakhstan

USSR Glavlit. List of Information Prohibited from Publication in the Open Press and from Broadcast on Radio and Television. 1987 / Wikimedia Commons

Iosif Budnevich. Abdizhamil Nurpeisov. 1967 / Wikimedia Commons

Abilmazhin Zhumabayev / Wikimedia Commons

Jules Marie Cavelier de Cuverville. Kazakh Women Embroidering. Akmolinsk Oblast, 1895 / Bibliothèque nationale de France, Société de Géographie / Gallica

Settlers in Petropavlovsk. Early 20th century / Wikimedia Commons

Kazakh Women Attending Literacy Classes. Still from a Film Dedicated to the Fifth Anniversary of the Kazakh ASSR. Kyzylorda, 1925 / Central State Archive of Film, Photo Documents and Sound Recordings of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Oraz Zhandosov Speaking at a Public Demonstration Marking the Fifth Anniversary of the Kazakh ASSR. Kyzylorda, 1925 / Central State Archive of Film, Photo Documents and Sound Recordings of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Kazakh family wedding setting. Aktobe Region, 1926–1927 / CSACPSR RK

Sara Mynzhasarova with Her Family / Qazaquni.kz