Delegation from Semipalatinsk Oblast at the First Congress of the Kazakh ASSR, 1920. N. Nurmakov — Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh ASSR; A. Bukeykhanov — one of the founders of the Alash party; A. Yermekov — Deputy Prime Minister of the Alash-Orda government / CSACPA

Raimzhan Marsekov/Wikimedia Commons

Support Rally of the Kokand Autonomy. 1917 / Wikimedia Commons

Troops of the Czechoslovak Corps in Irkutsk. 1918 / Wikimedia Commons

A group of former members of the National Council (Government) of Alash Orda and the Alash Party after the dissolution of the Alash Republic and its government, and the establishment of the Kirghiz (Kazakh) ASSR. August 26, 1920, Orenburg. / Courtesy of Sultan Khan Akkuly

Czechoslovak Corps, 6th Rifle “Hanácky” Regiment. 1917 / Wikimedia Commons

Delegation of the Alash Orda National Council headed by Akhmet Baitursynov, sent to China by Alash Orda chairman A. N. Bukeikhan in March 1918. Chuguchak, March 1918 / Courtesy of Sultan Khan Akkuly

Caricature depicting the wounded “Russian Bear” carried on a stretcher by the Allies, with “lizards” Lenin and Trotsky, leaders of the Bolsheviks. 1918 / Getty Images

Woodrow Wilson Portrait. 1912/Wikimedia Commons

Mustafa Shokay with his wife Maria in Tiflis. 1919 / Wikimedia Commons

Early 1930s. Leaders of Japanese Nationalists (including future Prime Minister Tsuyoshi Inukai and Mitsuru Tōyama) and émigré Turkic-language communities. Kurbangaliev is second from the left, back row/Wikimedia Commons

Excerpt from a letter by Raimzhan Marsekov to the Japanese government / Courtesy of Tomohiko Uyama

William Orpen. The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, 28th June 1919/ Wikimedia Commons

Delegation of Turgai Oblast at the 1st Congress of the Kazakh ASSR. Akhmet Baitursynuly (2nd row, 5th from left) and Alikhan Zhangeldin (2nd row, 4th from right). Orenburg, 1920 / CSACPA